In the Kraft pulping process, wood fibers are separated, and resinous materials removed, using an alkaline (typically sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide) cooking liquor, also known as white liquor. This process converts wood into cellulosic pulp used in the...
Level
Improving Floating Roof Tank Performance
Bulk liquid storage terminals are a critical component in the energy industry supply chain between production and distribution. Floating roof tanks are commonly used to avoid having a vapor space or ullage between the liquid level and roof found in fixed-roof tanks. A...
Two-Wire FMCW Radar Level Transmitter Advantages
Christoffer Widahl and Jimmie Soderstrom presented The New Normal for Process Radar—The New Two-Wire FMCW [Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave] Radars are Here!, at the 2019 Emerson Exchange conference. Jimmie opened with a question, "Why measure level?" It is to...
Overcoming Citrus Processing Level Measurement Challenges
Just imagine that you're an operator in a facility that makes concentrated orange juice and the production process requires you to manually check the levels of large processing tanks in the freezing process conditions. Parkas and gloves are a part of your work attire....
How to Install a Rosemount Non-Contacting Radar Level Transmitter
Here's a quick one-minute YouTube video, Rosemount 5408 How To - Mechanical Installation showing the mechanical installation of a Rosemount 5408 Non-Contacting Radar level transmitter. Not much to say other than it looks very straight forward. Visit the Non-Contacting...
Reducing Level Detector Proof Testing Complexity
Each safety instrumented function (SIF) including its sensor, logic solver and final control element must be periodically tested to make sure it will perform as designed in the event of a safety demand. These "proof tests" help to uncover and failure conditions which...
Guided Wave Radar for Tight Boiler Steam Drum Level Control
Boiler steam drum level control is critical in electrical power generation. Too high a level can mean water aspirating into the steam lines and causing damage to the turbine generator blades downstream. Too low a level can cause the boiler to dry and overheat. In a...
Measuring Sediment Buildup in Process Vessels and Tanks
Some processes, such as oil & gas production, not only have to measure liquid levels but sometimes must measure sediment levels that can come along in the production stream and settle in vessels and tanks. This quick, 2:38 "How To" YouTube video, How Does the...
Non-Contacting Radar Level Measurement in Pulp Mills
A pulp mill: …converts wood chips or other plant fibre source into a thick fibre board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Level measurements can be challenging in pulp manufacturing process. In a Pulp-paperworld article, Radar Technology...
Storage Tank Overfill Protection
Preventing overfill conditions in tanks and vessels is a job for safety instrumented systems across many industries. In a Flow Control article, A Systemic Approach to Storage Tank Overfill Protection, Emerson's Lydia Miller and AnnCharlott Enberg describe the key...
Remote Proof Testing Safety Level Switches
One of the necessities in managing safety instrumented systems throughout the IEC 61511 safety lifecycle is to perform periodic proof tests on the components in a safety instrumented function to verify proper function. A short 2:44 YouTube video, How to Remotely...
LNG Storage Tank Radar Level Measurement
Liquefied natural gas is methane with some ethane possibly mixed in cooled down to -162 degC (-260 degF) to transition the gas into a liquid state. It is liquefied: …for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of...
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