Bulk liquid storage tanks often contain fluids that are hazardous, flammable and/or explosive. These tanks require not only a control system to control levels but and overfill prevention system (OPS) as layer of protection beyond the control system. This basic process control system (BPCS) is commonly referred to as an automatic tank gauging (ATG) system […]
What is the purpose of your level measurement? If you know the answer to that I highly recommend an Intech article, How to measure liquid level in vessels, by Emerson’s Lydia Miller. This article is but one of a number of excellent learning articles in the International Society of Automation (ISA)’s Automation Basics series of […]
For those that still listen to FM radio over the airwaves given our increasingly streaming digital world, you may know that the FM stands for “frequency modulation”. Information such as the music you hear on an FM music station is encoded in the radio signal through subtle changes in the frequency of the signal. In […]
In the Kraft pulping process, wood fibers are separated, and resinous materials removed, using an alkaline (typically sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide) cooking liquor, also known as white liquor. This process converts wood into cellulosic pulp used in the papermaking process. This digesting process turns the white liquor into black liquor, which contains: …lignin fragments, […]
Bulk liquid storage terminals are a critical component in the energy industry supply chain between production and distribution. Floating roof tanks are commonly used to avoid having a vapor space or ullage between the liquid level and roof found in fixed-roof tanks. A Storage Terminals magazine article, Staying on the Radar, shared some thoughts from […]
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